In Control: The Basis of Social Order (1973), Paul Sites defined eight essential needs whose satisfaction was required in order to produce "normal" (non-deviant, non-violent) individual behaviour.
According to Sites, these included the primary needs for consistency of response, stimulation, security, and recognition, and derivative needs for justice, meaning, rationality, and control.
Sites, in turn, recognized the importance of Abraham Maslow's conception of human development as the sequential satisfaction of basic needs, which Maslow (1954) had grouped under five headings: physiological, safety, belongingness/love, esteem, and self-actualisation.
The idea that humans qua humans have needs whose satisfaction is the effective antidote to alienation is considerably older than this, of course, as Karl Marx's youthful reflections on Hegel suggest:
The whole of history is a preparation for 'man' to become the object of sense perception and for needs to be the needs of 'man as man'.
Rubenstein says: There is much to be gained, in my view, by ... asking, for example, whether imperative needs are expressions of a libidinal drive, as Freud (1989b) thought, whether they emerge in the course of human development, as Erikson (1963) and others believed, or whether their nature and role is best explained by cognitive theory, discourse analysis, or some other perspective on mind and personality.
Related phrases: social cognitive theory social cognitive theory of morality
Definitions of cognitive theory on the Web:
- The theory of cognitive development, one of the most historically influential theories was developed by Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist (1896-1980). ... brc.iop.kcl.ac.uk/glossary.aspx
- Cognitive psychologist tend to see second language acquisition as the building up of knowledge systems that can eventually be called on automatically for speaking and understanding. ...www.hausarbeiten.de/faecher/vorschau/98107.html
Definitions of discourse analysison the Web:
- Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse
studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing
written, spoken or signed language use.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_analysis - A
study of the way versions or the world, society, events and psyche are
produced in the use of language and discourse. The Foucauldian version
is concerned with the construction of subjects within various forms of
knowledge/power. ...
www.creativityandcognition.com/content/view/129/131/ - analysis
of speech units larger than the sentence and of their relationship to
the contexts in which they are used.
www.csa.com/discoveryguides/linglaw/gloss.php - [phrase]
Discourse analysis identifies the linguistic dependencies which exist
between sentences or utterances. Successful analysis depends upon the
discourse comprising properly formed sentences within a rational
context.
portal.bibliotekivest.no/terminology.htm - the
study of meaningful language units larger than a sentence.
www.nde.state.ne.us/read/FRAMEWORK/glossary/general_a-e.html